Quels sont les avantages de l’extrait de mélisse?

mélissaofficinalisL, also known as lemon balm, is a perennial herb dansLe conseil des ministresfamily Lamiaceae. The erect, much branched stem is pilose, becoming glabrous towards the base. The leaves are petiolate, with slender petioles, Et en plushave ovate-orbicular blades with crenate or obtuse serrate margins Et en plusnearly cordate bases. There are 4 pairs De lalateral veins, reticulate veins are obvious on the upper surface, the midrib is nearly flat on the upper surface and raised on the lower surface. The umbels are axillary, with short pedicels, 2–14-flowered, and the bracts are small and leaflike. The calyx is campanulate, with a long spinose apex. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, villous. Corolla creamy white, 12–13 mm long, pilose. Upper lip straight, apex emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed. Flowering period: June–August.

Melissa officinalisis a robust plant that is extremely easy to cultivate and manage. Unlike other western medicinal herbs or aromatic plants introduced À partir detemperate zones, it prefers moist soil and is cold, heat and water tolerant. It grows well dansfull sun or partial shade, has a wiDe/enrange De lasoil adaptability, and is most suitable for a pH between 5 and 7.5. Melissa officinalis is quite adaptable to soil environments dansvarious climates. It can be cultivated dansfields, gardens and pots. Its stems and leaves are lush and dark green in color, and it has a strong fragrance.

Melissa officinalis originated in southern Europe and North America. It is mainly distributed in Mediterranean countries, including coastal areas De laTurkey and northern Iran. It has also been cultivated in China. In the eleventh century, Arab herbalists believed that Melissa officinalis had the magical power to refresh the mind and soul. Melissa officinalis was often planted around churches or temples in ancient Europe, attracting bees to make honey for sacrificial purposes. Melissa officinalis is used for a variety of purposes, such as food additives, herbal teas, ingredients in cosmetics, decorations and medicines. When encountering insect bites or wounds, the fresh leaves De Melissa officinaliscan be directly applied to the affected area to reduce swelling and pain; dried leaves can be made into medicinal pillows to help with sleep. It is currently widely used in medicine and pharmacology, with sedative, anti-anxiety, anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-histamine, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer, mood regulation and cognitive performance effects.

1 extrait de mélisse ingrédients actifs

1.1 flavonoïdes

Extrait de mélisse citronnée contains flavonoids including quercetin, rhamnetin, luteolin, etc. Free radicals are normal metabolic products in the body. When they are out of balance in the body, they may lead to many diseases such as inflammation, aging, cancer, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Flavonoids have a good scavenging effect on free radicals. Liu Shuang et al. [1, 2] and others have all experimentally demonstrated that quercetin, after being absorbed, indirectly or directly exerts an antioxidant effect in the body. It has been experimentally proven [3] that rhamnetin has a direct inhibitory effect on six tumor strains, including L1210, P388D1, HeLa, B16, NG108-15 and Hele7404. it was determined that luteolin has a certain in vitro antitumor effect. Wang Jishuang [4] and others believe that luteolin not only inhibits tumor cell proliferation, but also has a protective effect on the nervous system. In addition, luteolin also has anti-inflammatory and liver protection effects.

1.2 composés polyphénoliques

Extrait de mélisse citronnée L’extrait est riche en divers polyphénols tels queAcide rosmarinique, l’acide caféique et l’acide protocatéchique. Zhou Dan [5] et d’autres ont conclu que l’acide rosmarinique a un bon effet thérapeutique sur les tumeurs, l’inflammation, l’alzheimer' S maladie et autres maladies. L’acide caféique est un composé phénolique naturel qui est largement présent dans les fruits et les légumes. Il a une capacité très élevée à éliminer les radicaux libres DPPH et ABTS, et a également un fort pouvoir réducteur pour les ions de fer. L’acide protocatéchique peut réduire et améliorer les dommages pathologiques au tissu de cerveau de Parkinson' S souris modèle de la maladie, exerçant un effet neuroprotecteur en augmentant l’activité des enzymes antioxydantes endogènes et en réduisant la production de radicaux libres [7].

1.3 terpénoïdes

Extrait de mélisse citronnée Extrait extraitalso contains monoterpenal, monoterpenoid, terpene, sesquiterpene and other compounds [8]. At present, the application of Melissa officinalis chemical composition mainly focuses on Melissa officinalis essential oil. Melissa officinalis essential oil can be obtained from various parts of Melissa officinalis by using different extraction methods. The six main components of Melissa officinalis essential oil are citronellal (14. 40%), isoeugenol (6. 40%), geranyl acetate (10. 20%), nerol (5. 10%), caryophyllene (8. 10%), and caryophyllene oxide (11 %), accounting for 55. 20% of the total essential oil [9].

2 effets pharmacologiques

2.1 formation de tissus anti-adipeux

Comme pour le tissu tumoral, la croissance et le développement du tissu adipeux est considéré comme dépendant de l’angiogénèse.Melissa officinalis extrait biologiqueALS-L1023 peut inhiber la croissance des vaisseaux sanguins de tissu adipeux. Jeongjun Ki m [10] [traduction] et d’autres ont constaté qu’un régime riche en graisses (HF D) combiné avec ALS-L1023 sans affecter l’apport calorique, souris C57BL/6J J Javait réduit le poids corporel, la glycémie abdominale significativement inférieure, les niveaux sériques ALT et AST inférieurs, inhibait la croissance vasculaire dans le tissu adipe viscéral, et améliorait le métabolisme des lipides. ALS-L1023 a également réduit la taille moyenne des graisseuses viscérales, de la grosse dégénérescence inhibée, et de la graisse considérablement réduite chez les souris obèses. En outre, ALS-L1023 a également réduit le nombre de macrophages cd-68-positifs et le niveau d’expression des cytokines inflammatoires. Cela indique que l’extrait de Melissa officinalis peut jouer un rôle thérapeutique dans l’apparition et le développement de maladies telles que l’obésité en tant qu’inhibiteur de croissance vasculaire.

2.2 dépression sédative et anti-anxieuse

Experimental studies have shown [11] [traduction] that by establishing a mouse depression model [12-14], using sucrose water consumption experiments, open field experiments, and forced swimming experiments, it was found that after CUMS stimulation, the comportementof mice was assessed, and it was found that the essential oil and acetone water extracts of Melissa officinalis leaf both increased the number of spontaneous activities of mice and increased their interest in things. Mice given the petroleum ether extract were more active and more active. This indicates that Melissa officinalis extract has a definite antidepressant effect and a stronger antidepressant effect. GABA is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals and is currently an important target for research on sedation, anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects.

Rosmarinic acid, one of the active ingredients in Melissa officinalis extract, has been shown in experiments [15] to inhibit GABA transaminase and inhibit the degradation of GABA, thereby increasing the concentration of GABA in the brain and having an anti-anxiety and sedative effect. In addition, two other main components of Melissa officinalis, caffeic acid and citral [16-18], have been shown in experiments to have anti-anxiety effects. In the forced swimming test, citral can significantly reduce the total immobility time of mice, and can reduce the total immobility time in synergy with imipramine. Some effective components of Melissa officinalis also have the effect of protecting neurons. They protect the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft [19] and increasing the activity and content of ACh. Melissa officinalis extract can protect contremethylene-dioxy-methamphetamine-induced apoptosis of hippocampal primary neuronal cells, through its strong antioxidant properties and inhibition of MAO. Melissa officinalis can therefore be used as an antidepressant and neuroprotective agent to relieve stress, improve psychological mood, regulate cognitive performance, and prevent neurodegenerative diseases [20].

2.3 antitumorale

Alviano DS [21] [en] and others used the MTT method to conduct an in vitro cytotoxicity test and found that Melissa officinalis extract has a good inhibitory effect on a series of human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, Caco-2 cells, HL-60, K562) and mouse cell lines (B16F10) have a good inhibitory effect, indicating the potential use of Melissa officinalis as a tumor suppressor. Jahanban-Esfahlan A [22] and others used the MTT method to detect the cytotoxic effect of the extract and conducted selective anti-cancer experiments on Melissa officinalis extracts in different human cancer cells.

The results showed that even at the lowest dose (5–1000 μg·mL-1), Melissa officinalis extract reduced the survival rate of all cancer cells to below 33%. It was also found that the average tumor inhibition rates of SKOV3, MCF-7, PC-3, A549 4 kinds of cells, the average tumor inhibition rate reached 73.1%, 86.7%, 79.9%, 77.8% respectively. The experimental results show that Melissa officinalis water extract has a high inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation, regardless of its dose size. This indicates that the optimal biological dose of Melissa officinalis as a tumor inhibitor is more important than the maximum tolerated dose. In addition, hormone-dependent cancers are more sensitive to Melissa extracts, suggesting that Melissa has specificity in antitumor activity.

2.4 propriétés antioxydantes

Medicinal plants rich in polyphenolic compounds are widely used for their good antioxidant properties. Safaeian L[ 23] and others found that H2O2-induced human venous endothelial cells treated with Melissa officinalis extract can significantly improve cell viability, reduce the concentration of peroxides, and improve the antioxidant capacity of intracellular and extracellular fluids.

Rosmarinic acid, the main active ingredient in Melissa officinalis extract, is an antioxidant. Experiments have shown that [24] giving medium to high doses of rosmarinic acid can significantly reduce malondialdehyde levels and serum triglyceride levels, thereby increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body, and that there is a dose-response relationship with increasing doses of rosmarinic acid. Under hypoxic conditions, the body experiences an imbalance in free radical metabolism, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in antioxidant capacity. The results of the experiment showed that medium and high doses of rosmarinic acid can increase the time that aging mice can withstand hypoxia under normal pressure.

Le mécanisme d’action peut être que l’acide rosmarinique réduit le corps et#39; S la consommation d’oxygène, et la production de radicaux libres d’oxygène est ensuite réduite. Plus le corps est fort ' S capacité antioxydante, plus il est efficace pour atteindre l’objectif thérapeutique de l’anti-âge [25].

Rosmarinic acid also has anti-angiogenic activity, can reduce the expression of H2O2-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor, and can inhibit endothelial cell oxidation of low-density lipoprotein [26], reduce the release of IL-8 from endothelial cells, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of endothelial cells [27]. In addition, caffeic acid, another antioxidant in Melissa officinalis extract [28], may improve cellular resistance to oxydatifLe stressby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione depletion [29]. Due to its strong antioxidant activity, Melissa officinalis extract has potential benefits for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress.

2.5 antibactérien

Natural essential oils are obtained from various parts of plants and are highly effective active antibacterial agents. The widespread use of antibacterial drugs has seriously affected the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. The use of herbs is a preventive measure against treatment failures due to a lack of sensitivity to synthetic antibiotics. Experiments have shown that the compounds in Melissa officinalis essential oil that exert an antibacterial effect are citral, citronellal and trans-caryophyllene. Melissa officinalis essential oil exhibits a high degree of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and is also highly active against Candida albicans. Canadanovi et al. found that Melissa officinalis n-butanol extractAvait une activité de piégeage élevée de peroxyde lipidique et une activité de piégeage de radicaux hydroxyles. Les extraits d’éther de pétRôle de la commissionet d’acétate d’éthyle de Melissa officinalis ont une bonne activité antibactérienne contre Streptococcus mutans, et les extraits de chloroforme ont des effets antiprolifératifs sur les cellules He La et les cellules MCF-7. Cela indique que les extraits de Melissa officinalis ont une teneur élevée en phénoliques et une capacité de récupération des radicaux libres, une activité antibactérienne et une activité antiproliférative.

2.6 anti-ulcère

Saber i A[30] et al. established a rat gastric ulcer model and found that Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract can significantly reduce the ulcer index and the MDA level in rat serum. The mechanism by which Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract protects the gastric mucosa may be through regulating the expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPX, or by reducing the MDA level, which are biochemical indicators that affect cell damage and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the natural antioxidant ingredients in Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract, such as vitamin E, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids, can also reduce the total amount and acidity of gastric acid and increase the pH of gastric juice. This indicates that Melissa officinalis extract may achieve an anti-ulcer therapeutic effect by mediating antioxidant properties.

3 Conclusion

Melissa officinalis est une plante populaire avec un large éventail d’applications, ce qui prouve sa haute valeur médicinale. Ces dernières années, l’huile essentielle Melissa officinalis a montré des avantages uniques dans les activités cliniques antitumorales, antioxydantes et antibactériennes, ce qui met pleinement en évidence les caractéristiques thérapeutiques deMÉDECINE TRADITIONNELLE CHINOISE (MTC)....... Cependant, à l’heure actuelle, il y a un manque de recherche sur les liens et les mécanismes d’action liés à la composition chimique et au traitement clinique de Melissa officinalis, de sorte que la recherche et la discussion sur la composition chimique et la recherche pharmacologique de Melissa officinalis devraient continuer à fournir une base scientifique pour mieux explorer les perspectives médicinales de Melissa officinalis.

Références:

[1]Liu Rui, Meng Fang, Bai Huai. Recherche sur l’effet inhibiteur de la quercétine, de la rutine et de la puerarine sur la modification oxydative de la LDL [J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2007, 32 (19): 2085-2062.

[2]Zhao Liting, Guo Changjiang, Cai Donglian, et al. Effets de la supplémentation en quercétine sur le système antioxydant du sang périphérique du rat [J]. Journal of the Armed Police Medical College, 2009, 18 (4): 269-279.

[3]Sun Juan, Yu Shichun. Progrès de la recherche sur la quercétine [J]. Modern Chinese Medicine Research and Practice, 2011, 25(3): 85 — 87.

[4]Wang J S, He Y, Hua Z C, et al. Progrès de la recherche sur les effets pharmacologiques de la lutéoline [J]. Life Sciences, 2013, 25(6): 561- 564.

[5]Zhou D, Liu A, Du G. Pharmacological research progress of rosmarinic acid [J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 2011, 20(7): 594-597.

[6]Fan J, Cai X, Feng X, et al. Etude de l’activité antioxydante in vitro de l’acide caféique [J]. Chinese Journal of Food Science, 2015, 15(3): 66- 71.

[7]Zhang Xiuli, Li Yachen, Niu Xinhua, et al. Effets de l’acide protocatéchique sur la capacité antioxydante des tissus cérébraux chez le Parkinson' souris modèle de la maladie S [J]. Advances in Modern Biomedicine, 2011, 17(12): 3249 — 3251.

[8]Sofowor a A,Ogunbodede  E,Onayade A. le role  and  lieu of  Plantes médicinales in  the  Les stratégies Pour la prévention des maladies [J]. Afr J Tradit complément Alter n Med.,2013,(10): 210- 229.

[9]Gurck L,DubravskaR,Mikl ovicova. Economie de la culture de Mon - sun  officinalis    and   Melissa   Officinalis [J]. Agriculture et pêche Econ. Tchèque. , 2005,51: 348- 356.

[10] Jeongi un Kim,Haerim Lee,Jonghoon Lim. Lim. Le conseil des ministres l’angiogenèse Inhiber ou   La - L1023   from  Citron - baume feuilles   Atténue la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique induite par la régulation de la Uction du tissu adipeux iscéral [J]. International al Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(4):864.

[11] Ji Ziyang. Recherche sur la composition chimique et l’effet antidépresseur de Melissa officinalis [D]. Xinxiang: collège médical de Xinxiang, 2016.

[12]Petit- Demouli er E B,Chenu F,Bouri n m.test de natation forcée in  Souris: A reviewof antidepressant activity[J]. Psychopharmacology,2005,177(3): 245- 255.

[13]Slattery DA,Cryan J F. utilisation du test de nage forcé par le rat pour évaluer une Ti activité de type dépresseur chez les rongeurs [J]. Protocoles Nature,2012,7(6): 1010-1014.

[14]Sun Shiguang, Liu Jian, Lu Yan, et al. Corrélation entre l’essai de natation forcée et l’essai de suspension de la queue pour la dépression chez des souris Kunming [J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2014, 28 (1): 107-111.

[15]Weitzel C,Petersen Met et al. Clonage et caractérisation des ros Acide marinique synthase de melissa officinalis L[J]. Phytochemistry, 201l,72(7): 572 — 578.

[16] [traduction] Le président Kennedy Faire, peu L,Haskell CF et Al. Anxi ol ytic Effet S of  Une combinaison de Melissa officinalis et de Valeri ana officinalis pendant le stress induit en laboratoire [J]. Phytother Res. 2006,20(2): 96- 102.

[17]David O. Kennedy,Wendy Little,Crystal F Haskell et AndrewB. Effets secondaires d’une combinaison de Melissa officinalis et Valeri ana officinalis  Pendant le laboratoire Contrainte induite [J]. Phytotherapy Research,2006,8(20): 96- 102.

[18] [traduction] Soodi  M,Naghdi N,Hajimehdi pauvre  H,et  Al. Mémoire - amélioration de l’activité de Melissa officinalis extrait dans nave et scopolamine-  Rats traités [J]. Research in pharmaceutical sciences,2014,9(2): 107.

[19]Taher pour A,Maroof i H,Rafi E Z,et al.  Ysi S de l’huile essentielle de melissa officinalis L. du kurdistan,Iran par la méthode HS/SPME et calcul de la biophysicochimique  Coefficient S des composantes [J]. Natural product research,2012, 26(2): 152 — 160.

[20]Lin S H,Chou ML,Che n WC,et al. Amedicinal Herbe,Melissa officinalis L. améliore Dépressif - comme behavior  of  rats in  Le test de natation forcée par régulation. Le conseil des ministres Neurotrans sérotoninergique - Mitter [J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2015,175: 266 — 272.

[21] de  À propos de Sousa AC1,Alviano DS, blanc AF, ass du Gatt CR,et Al. Melissa officinalis L. huile essentielle: activités antitumorales et antioxydantes [J]. J. PharmPharmacol,2004,56(5): 677 — 81.[22] Jahanban- Esfahlan A,Modaeinama  L,Jahanban- Esfahlan R,et al. Propriétés anti-proliférat ive de Melissa officinalis Dans différents humains Le Cancer Cellule S  [J]. asiatique Le Pac J  Le Cancer Précédent. ,2015,16 (14): 5703- 7.

[23]Leil a Safaeian,Seyyed Ebr ahimSajj adi,Fariba Samani,et al. Effet Protecti ve of Melissa officinalis  extract  against  H2O2- induit Stress oxydatif dans les cellules endothéliales vasculaires humaines [J]. Res Pharm Sci. ,2016,11(5): 383 à 389.

[24]Wang Hong, Liu Min, Gu Jianxiang, et al. Étude sur l’effet antioxydant de l’acide rosmarinique sur les souris vieillissantes induites par la d-galactose [J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2009, (5): 549-551.

[25]Zhang Hongquan, Yu Wenxin. Médecine anti-âge chinoise [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2000. N ° 94-103.

[26]Pearson DA,Frankel EN,Aeschbach R, JB allemand. Inhibition de Oxydation par cellules endothéliales de la lipoprotéine de basse densité par le romarin et la plante Phénoliques [J]. J. Agric. Nourriture Chem. ,1997,45: 578- 582.

[27]Huang SS,Zheng RL. L’acide rosmarinique inhibe l’angiogenèse et son mécanisme d’action in vitro[J]. Cancer Let t. 2006;239: 271- 280.

[28]Li PG,Xu J W,Ikeda K,Kobayakawa A,Kayano Y,Mitani T,et al. L’acide caféique inhibe la prolifération des cellules des muscles lisses vasculaires induite par l’angiotensin II chez des rats hypertendus spontanément sujets à un avc [J]. Hyper tens Res.,2005,28: 369- 377.

[29]Nardini MPisu P,Gentil i V,Natell a F,Di Felice M,Piccol ella E, et Al. Effet De caffeic Acide sur tert- mais yl Hydroperoxyde - induit oxidative  stress  in  U937[J]. gratuit Radic Biol. Med.,1998,25: 1098- 1105.

[30] savoir i A,Abbas loo E,Sepehri D,Yazdanpanah M,Mir kamandari E,Sheibani V,Safi Z. les effets de l’extrait de méthanol ic de Melissa officinalis Sur les ulcères gastriques expérimentaux chez les Rats[J]. Iran rouge Crescent Med. J.,2016,18(7): e24271.