Quelles sont les utilisations de l’extrait d’astragale Astragalus Polysaccharides?

Astragalus, also known as Mian Huangqi (绵黄芪) and Mianqi (绵芪), is mainly found in the northwestern, northeastern and northern regions of China............. Astragalus is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus mongoliae of the legume family, and it is a very commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, and its chemical constituents mainly include polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, 14 kinds of trace elements, and 22 kinds of amino acids, of which Astragalus polysaccharin (APS) is an important biologically active constituent of Astragalus, and it is used as a kind of green animal feed additive, which can enhance immunity, promote growth, improve animal performance, prevent epidemic health, and anti-stress.

En tant que green animal feed additive, it has the functions of enhancing immunity, promoting growth, improving animal performance, epidemic prevention and health care, and anti-stress, anti-radiation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-virus and so on. In recent years, with the increasing research on astragalus polysaccharide and the deepening understanding of its biological functions, its application in animal production has become more and more extensive. In this paper, the biological functions of Astragali polysaccharides and their applications in animal production are summarized to explore the application prospects and development trend of Astragali polysaccharides in animal production, in order to accelerate the rational development and popularization of Astragali polysaccharides.

1 propriétés physiques et chimiques du polysaccharide d’astragale

Astragalus polysaccharide is a kind of miscellaneous polysaccharide, mainly composed of fructose, glucose, rhamnose, arabinose and so on, which is extracted, concentrated and purified from the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus mongolia. The melting point of Astragalus polysaccharide is higher than 200 ℃, which is the main active ingredient of Chinese medicine Astragalus, and it is a neutral polysaccharide soluble in water.

2 astragale polysaccharide fonction biologique

2.1 activateur immunitaire

Astragali polysaccharide can improve the humoral immunity function and non-allergic immunity function of livestock and poultry, and at the same time can increase the number of natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells in the body of livestock and poultry, so as to improve the immunity of livestock and poultry infected with viruses. In the process of actual animal production, Astragali polysaccharide can also be used as an immune enhancer, so that the protection of bacterial vaccine on livestock and poultry greatly improved, and enhance the ability of livestock and poultry to resist diseases, the immune effect is very significant. Astragali polysaccharide was used with chicken IBD freeze-dried vaccine, NDIV vaccine, NDI vaccine and ND oil emulsion vaccine in different ways, such as subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, nose-dotting and eye-dotting, etc., which could make the antibody potency of chicken IBD and ND significantly higher than that of the control group without using astragali polysaccharide at different dosages of astragali polysaccharide, different days of age and the same days of age, which demonstrated the obvious immune-enhancing effect of astragali polysaccharide. This shows that astragalus polysaccharide has obvious immune-enhancing effect. Astragalus polysaccharide can increase the antibody potency of Asia Ⅰ type foot-and-mouth disease, O type foot-and-mouth disease, prolong the protection period of O type foot-and-mouth disease and Asia Ⅰ type foot-and-mouth disease antibody potency, so as to strengthen the protection level of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.

2.2 améliorer la fonction intestinale du bétail et de la volaille

Intestinal tract is an important place for animal body to digest and absorb nutrients, and the microflora in the intestinal tract and the morphology and structure of the small intestine are two important indexes to measure the function of the intestinal tract. Astragali polysaccharide, as a feed additive, can effectively promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, play an important role in regulating the microflora structure of the gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry, improve and enhance the micro-ecological balance of livestock and poultry intestinal tract, and reduce the morbidity and stress. Meanwhile, Astragalus polysaccharide can obviously improve the morphology and structure of intestinal tract, improve the digestion and absorption function of intestinal tract, increase the utilization rate of feed and reduce the waste.

When feeding piglets, adding 2.0 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg of astragalus polysaccharide to feed can reduce the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets from 0.76% to 0.51% and 0.70% respectively, which indicates that astragalus polysaccharide can obviously improve the intestinal function of piglets. When 0.6% and 0.3% of Astragalus polysaccharide was added to the basal diet of 1-day-old broiler chicks and fed continuously for 56 days, the growth performance of broiler chicks was significantly improved, the body weight of broiler chicks in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the counts of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in the cecum were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly higher than those in the control group. It can be seen that the addition of Astragalus polysaccharide to the diet can significantly improve the growth performance of the three yellow chickens and optimize the intestinal microbiota, of which the effect of adding 0.6% Astragalus polysaccharide is the most significant.

2.3 améliorer les performances de croissance du bétail et de la volaille

Le polysaccharide d’astragale contient des oligo-éléments, des vitamines, des acides aminés et d’autres nutriments et des facteurs de croissance inconnus. L’ajout de polysaccharide d’astragali à l’alimentation peut effectivement réduire la glycémie et les lipides sanguins, améliorer la digestibilité apparente des nutriments dans l’alimentation, favoriser le dépôt de sucre, de graisse et la production de protéines sériques totales, améliorant ainsi le taux d’utilisation de l’alimentation, améliorant la croissance et le développement du bétail et de la volaille et leur performance de reproduction, améliorant le rendement et la qualité de la viande, des œufs et du lait, Et augmenter les avantages économiques de l’élevage du bétail et de la volaille. En ajoutant 1 000 mg/kg et 500 mg/kg de polysaccharide d’astragale à l’alimentation des poulets à plumes jaunes pendant 42 jours, les performances d’abattage et la qualité musculaire des poulets de chair ont été considérablement améliorées, et l’effet de l’ajout de 1 000 mg/kg de polysaccharide d’astragale a été le plus significatif.

2.4 améliorer l’immunité du bétail et de la volaille

L’augmentation de l’indice d’organe immunitaire est une manifestation de l’amélioration de l’immunité du bétail et de la volaille, et le polysaccharide d’astragali peut améliorer l’immunité spécifique et l’immunité non spécifique du bétail et de la volaille, et en même temps, il peut augmenter le nombre de cellules tueuses naturelles, les lymphocytes T cytotoxiques et les lymphocytes T auxiliaires du bétail et de la volaille, ce qui peut améliorer l’immunité du bétail et de la volaille infectés par des maladies épidémiques.

The 8-day-old green-footed hens were injected subcutaneously with Astragali polysaccharide, levamisole hydrochloride, different dosages of Chinese compound polysaccharide (cCHMPS) and saline for 7 days, and the different dosages of cCHMPS and Astragali polysaccharide could promote the proliferation of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes, the concentration of antibody against Newcastle Disease Virus was significantly increased, and the level of humoral immunity and cellular immunity was strengthened.

2.5 améliorer la qualité des produits animaux

Astragalus polysaccharide has antiseptic, anti-mold, antibacterial and health care effects. Adding the gum with Astragali polysaccharide as the main component into dairy products can prolong their preservation period, improve the consistency and quality of dairy products, and improve the taste and texture of dairy products, which is a natural food additive with excellent preservation, freshness and health effects.

Astragali polysaccharide can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in poultry, prevent the oxidation of lutein and increase the accumulation of pigment, thus improving the color of egg yolk. Astragali polysaccharide can lower the blood lipid level of poultry, reduce fat deposition, help the normal secretion of eggshell glands, increase calcium secretion, and thus improve the quality of eggshells. Astragali polysaccharide also has a good effect on the muscle quality of animals. Adding Astragali polysaccharide to the diet can increase the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude egg white in laying hens, and promote the production of egg yolk and egg white in eggs, which is conducive to increasing the weight of eggs. After adding Astragalus polysaccharide to the feed for commercial laying hens, the color of egg yolks was significantly improved, and there was a tendency to increase the thickness of egg shell and Hutchinson' S unité.

2.6 effets antibactériens et viraux

Astragali polysaccharide peut inhiber et tuer les bactéries en mobilisant le système immunitaire du bétail et de la volaille, et éliminer leurs produits toxiques, de manière à jouer le rôle d’antibactérien et bactéricide. Astragali polysaccharide peut également combiner et interférer avec de nombreux types de virus pour inhiber la reproduction des virus, et peut également améliorer la capacité de phagocytose des macrophages à maintenir la santé du bétail et de la volaille.

La recherche a montré queAstragalus polysaccharide APS can prevent the infection of porcine circovirus (PCV), the principle of which is that Astragalus polysaccharide APS can reduce the oxidative stress of the organism and hinder the DNA replication process of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), and at the same time, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the number of infected cells, and the content of MDA were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Astragalus polysaccharide can prevent and control many viral diseases, such as avian influenza and chicken Marek' S maladie, et peut améliorer considérablement la qualité des coquilles d’œufs et le taux de production d’œufs de volaille.

3 Application dans la production animale

3.1 additifs alimentaires

Since astragalus polysaccharide has no toxic side effects and contains vitamins, amino acids, trace elements and other nutrients and unknown growth factors, it can significantly increase the growth rate and disease resistance of livestock and poultry, and improve the quality and yield of meat, eggs and milk, so astragalus polysaccharide is often used as a feed additive in the process of animal production. To 1-week-old chicks fed with 1% astragalus dry powder, the chicks' La capacité digestive a été améliorée, l’appétit a été très fort, la résistance aux maladies a également été améliorée et le taux de survie a atteint 100%. En ajoutant une préparation à base de plantes à base d’astragale au régime alimentaire des poules pondeuses en été, le taux de rémunération des aliments et le taux de production d’œufs ont été améliorés, et la qualité et la qualité des œufs ont également été grandement améliorées.

Egg Enhancement 2 and Egg Enhancement 1 were made with Astragalus polysaccharide as the main ingredient, complété par d’autres herbes chinoises, qui ont augmenté le taux de production d’œufs de 14,39% et 7,14% respectivement, et le taux de rémunération de l’alimentation de 28,76% et 15,05% respectivement. Ajouter 2%, 1%, 0,5 %, 0,1 % de polysaccharide d’astragale dans l’alimentation des poules de chair Aveeno d’un jour, et les résultats du test montrent que l’ajout de polysaccharide d’astragale dans l’alimentation peut réduire le rapport de l’alimentation à la viande, augmenter la consommation quotidienne moyenne d’aliments, le gain de poids quotidien moyen, et avoir un effet de promotion de croissance très évident, mais l’ajout de 1% de polysaccharide d’astragale est le plus efficace.

3.2 prévention et lutte contre les maladies infectieuses du bétail et de la volaille

Le polysaccharide d’astragali peut induire l’interféron endogène chez le bétail et la volaille, faire produire les cellules des protéines anti-virus, inhiber la synthèse et la reproduction des protéines virales dans une certaine mesure, et jouer un rôle significatif dans la résistance aux infections virales. Dans une ferme porcine de pékin, des porcs atteints de circovirus porcin ont été traités avec du polysaccharide d’astragale, et le taux de guérison pourrait atteindre 81,43%. Le traitement du circovirus porcin, la maladie astragale polysaccharide est meilleur que le double lotus jaune et la ribavirine et d’autres médicaments, en particulier dans le stade précoce de la maladie, l’effet thérapeutique est plus significatif.

For the early weaning calf diarrhea, with astragalus polysaccharide were carried out prevention test and treatment test. The results of prevention test showed that the diarrhea rate of Astragali polysaccharide group was 5.5% and the survival rate was 94.2%, which was 5.5% lower than that of antibiotic group and 7.2% higher than that of antibiotic group; the results of treatment test showed that the cure rate of Astragali polysaccharide group was 94.4%, which was 12.6% higher than that of antibiotic group. Astragalus polysaccharide has therapeutic effect on diarrhea of early weaned calves, and the effect is obviously better than that of antibiotic group.

3.3 activateur immunitaire

Astragalus polysaccharide not only has the function of enhancing the immunity of livestock and poultry, but also has the effect of promoting the immunization potency of vaccine and prolonging the immunization period greatly. In animal husbandry production, Astragali polysaccharide and vaccine can be applied together to give full play to its immunity-boosting effect, shorten the time for the vaccine to reach the highest level of potency, and at the same time, the group potency level can be neatly adjusted. Broilers at 2 and 6 weeks of age were immunized with 0.5 mL/bird of inactivated avian influenza vaccine by intramuscular injection for the first and second immunization respectively, and 1 mL/bird of Astragali polysaccharide was given to broilers orally on a daily basis. The results showed that broilers had a significant increase in weight, bursa and splenic index, and the avian influenza haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody potency was significantly elevated after the second immunization. Astragali polysaccharide could increase the content of various cytokines and the antibody level of swine fever to different degrees, and enhance the immunization effect of swine fever vaccine in weaned piglets. These studies provide a reference basis for the industrial application and development of astragalus polysaccharide in piglet breeding.

4 problèmes

Il existe de nombreuses façons d’extraire le polysaccharide d’astragale, et le contenu et les compositions des polysaccharides d’astragale extraits de différentes variétés et différentes méthodes d’extraction ne sont pas les mêmes, et leurs fonctions sont également différentes. Avec les différents âges, stades de croissance et espèces d’animaux, les fonctions et les structures du tube digestif sont différents, et les effets de l’ajout de polysaccharides Astragali à l’alimentation des animaux sont également très différents. L’effet immunitaire du polysaccharide d’astragale ne peut être séparé de l’utilisation d’un vaccin, et l’effet immunitaire de l’utilisation du polysaccharide d’astragale seul à des animaux non immunisés sera très faible. Les effets antagonistes et synergiques des polysaccharides d’astragale avec les médicaments préventifs ou les additifs alimentaires pour animaux doivent être étudiés plus en détail.

The optimal dosage of Astragali polysaccharides for different animals and different developmental stages is not the same, and the dosage and its functional effect are not completely proportional to each other. The optimal way and amount of Astragali polysaccharides to be added to different kinds of animals in different physiological states are not clear yet. Due to the big difference in environmental conditions between laboratory and production practice, the actual results may differ when the results of laboratory research are applied to production practice. The development of practical strategies for the use of astragalus polysaccharides in production practice requires more research on the application of astragalus polysaccharides in production practice. How to standardize the use of astragalus polysaccharide, how to identify its authenticity and how to establish a uniform standard for the optimal amount of additives are all urgent issues that need to be solved now.

5 résumé

Avec l’expansion continue de l’échelle de développement de la Chine et#39; S aquaculture industry and the continuous improvement of the living standard of the residents, the demand for new feed additives and immune enhancers that are green, safe, efficient, non-residual and non-polluting has been increasing, and the development and promotion of alternatives to antibiotics for feed use has become a problem that must be faced in the course of the high-speed development of animal husbandry industry.

Astragalus polysaccharide, en tant qu’extrait d’herbes naturelles, peut efficacement résoudre les dommages potentiels des résidus de médicaments sur la santé et le problème de la résistance aux antibiotiques, et Astragalus polysaccharide a la capacité de renforcer l’immunité, antioxydant, antiviral, anti-tumeur, anti-vieillissement et d’autres fonctions, qui peuvent efficacement prévenir l’apparition de maladies animales. Cependant, il existe encore une série de problèmes qui doivent être résolus dans la recherche et l’application du polysaccharide d’astragale. On pense que l’approfondissement de la recherche scientifique sur le mécanisme et les effets biologiques du polysaccharide d’astragale, il aura un développement très large et des perspectives d’application dans la production de l’élevage, ce qui est d’une grande importance pour le développement durable et sain de l’élevage écologique vert en Chine.